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Suicide rates are increasing in the Army. Suicide prevention programs have been implemented in the Army and other military organizations; however, it is not known how many programs are evidence-based or have been systematically ev...
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Suicide rates are increasing in the Army. Suicide prevention programs have been implemented in the Army and other military organizations; however, it is not known how many programs are evidence-based or have been systematically evaluated for effectiveness. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of current literature for evidence-based suicide prevention programs in military populations. The literature search identified only a few suicide prevention programs tailored to the specific needs of the military population. Recommendations include a more rigorous approach to the implementation of suicide prevention programs to identify successful interventions that could be utilized, augmented or combined and evaluated for utility. More specifically, such programs could benefit from including a systematic and integrated evaluation plan as part of the initial program design.
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Evaluations are critical for assessing the impact of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) investments in suicide prevention and can be used as the basis for decisions about whether to sustain or scale up existing efforts. The Defense ...
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Evaluations are critical for assessing the impact of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) investments in suicide prevention and can be used as the basis for decisions about whether to sustain or scale up existing efforts. The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury asked the RAND Corporation to draw from the scientific literature and create a toolkit to guide future evaluations of DoD-sponsored suicide prevention programs (SPPs). The overall goal of the toolkit is to help those responsible for SPPs determine whether their programs produce beneficial effects and, ultimately, to guide the responsible allocation of scarce resources. This report summarizes the three complementary methods used to develop the RAND Suicide Prevention Program Evaluation Toolkit; it is meant to serve as a companion to the toolkit itself and to provide additional background for those who are interested in learning about the toolkit's development.
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The problem of suicide among our military members is one of growing concern for military commanders and political leaders alike. Traditionally the national suicide rates have usually remained higher than that of the military, at a...
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The problem of suicide among our military members is one of growing concern for military commanders and political leaders alike. Traditionally the national suicide rates have usually remained higher than that of the military, at about 20 per 100,000. Depending on whose calculations to believe though, it appears that the rate of rise in suicides is much higher in military members than among their civilian counterparts. Although not as high as the United States Army (USA), rates among members of the United States Air Force (USAF) have also been on the rise. The only formal program instituted by the USAF to counteract suicides is the USAF Suicide Prevention Program (SPP) launched over 18 years ago in 1996. Although it may have had a positive effect in the years immediately following its launch, recent figures both published and unpublished suggest that effect no longer seems to be present. This paper begins with a review of existing suicide prevention programs by first outlining the results of a systematic review of the published literature. A proposed Zero Suicides Program (ZSP) model to update and improve the current existing SPP, will then be introduced. This will be accomplished with a focus on causal factors possibly unique to the USAF, by describing its relevant theory basis, goals and objectives, implementation, logic model and evaluation plan. Implementation of the ZSP will be accomplished by meeting a series of short and long term objectives, with an eventual goal of wide spread dissemination to the Air Force and military wide community.
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The Surgeon General's report on youth violence, released in January 2001, notes that youth violence is a serious public health issue that affects millions of children and their families. A shared commitment to ending youth violenc...
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The Surgeon General's report on youth violence, released in January 2001, notes that youth violence is a serious public health issue that affects millions of children and their families. A shared commitment to ending youth violence has led to a strong partnership between the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. The partnership is dedicated, in part, to promoting the Blueprints for Violence Prevention initiative, which identifies and disseminates information nationwide about violence prevention and intervention programs that have been found effective. The Youth Violence Research Bulletin Series is the most recent endeavor in the OJJDPCDC partnership. The series presents the latest research findings on critical topics related to youth violence, including gangs, firearms, suicide prevention, and the impact of violence on youth. The Bulletins discuss research in a way that makes it relevant to both the public health and juvenile justice fields and are written in a style that is accessible to all readers, including practitioners, service providers, parents, and policymakers. By focusing on the issue of youth violence and emphasizing the public health benefits of reducing violence among youth and within families, OJJDP and CDC hope to help all children have the opportunity to lead safe and productive lives.
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Given the continued high rates of suicide among adolescents and young adults (15-24 years of age), it is more urgent than ever that we apply our limited resources for prevention in the most effective manner possible. To that end, ...
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Given the continued high rates of suicide among adolescents and young adults (15-24 years of age), it is more urgent than ever that we apply our limited resources for prevention in the most effective manner possible. To that end, we developed this resource guide to describe the rationale and evidence for the effectiveness of various youth suicide prevention strategies and to identify model programs that incorporate these different strategies. The guide is for use by persons who are interested in developing or augmenting suicide prevention programs in their own communities. Because the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is so widely accepted as a cornerstone of suicide prevention, we excluded from this guide programs that provide mental health services in traditional health service delivery settings. We did include, however, programs that were designed to increase referral to existing mental health services.
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Underage drinking and associated problems have profound negative consequences for underage drinkers, their families, their communities, and society as a whole. Underage drinking contributes to a wide range of costly health and soc...
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Underage drinking and associated problems have profound negative consequences for underage drinkers, their families, their communities, and society as a whole. Underage drinking contributes to a wide range of costly health and social problems, including motor vehicle crashes (the greatest single mortality risk for underage drinkers); suicide; interpersonal violence (e.g., homicides, assaults, rapes); unintentional injuries such as burns, falls, and drowning; brain impairment; alcohol dependence; risky sexual activity; academic problems; and alcohol and drug poisoning. On average, alcohol is a factor in the deaths of approximately 4,700 youths in the United States per year, shortening their lives by an average of 60 years.
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The VA Office of Inspector General, Office of Healthcare Inspections (OHI) completed an evaluation of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities implementation of suicide prevention programs in compliance with VHA requirement...
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The VA Office of Inspector General, Office of Healthcare Inspections (OHI) completed an evaluation of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities implementation of suicide prevention programs in compliance with VHA requirements. VHA mental health (MH) officials estimate that there are approximately 1,600-1,800 suicides per year among veterans receiving care within VHA and as many as 6,400 per year among all veterans. OHI conducted this review at 24 VA medical facilities during Combined Assessment Program reviews performed across the country from January 1-June 30, 2009.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem with serious consequences for victims, families, and communities. The term intimate partner violence refers to physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by a curren...
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem with serious consequences for victims, families, and communities. The term intimate partner violence refers to physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by a current or former partner or spouse. In 2005, more than 1,110 women and 330 men died as a result of IPV. That same year, CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected data from more than 70,000 adults in 16 states and two territories on IPV victimization. Findings suggest that 26.4 percent of women and 15.9 percent of men were victims of physical or sexual IPV during their lifetime. IPV is linked with serious health problems for women, including chronic pain, reproductive disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Women who have experienced IPV are more likely to engage in other behaviors, such as drug abuse, alcoholism, and suicide attempts that can harm their health. For 2003, CDC estimated medical and other costs associated with IPV against women as exceeding $5.8 billion annually.
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The VA Office of Inspector General Office of Healthcare Inspections completed an evaluation of enteral nutrition (EN) safety in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities. The purposes of the evaluation were to determine whet...
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The VA Office of Inspector General Office of Healthcare Inspections completed an evaluation of enteral nutrition (EN) safety in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities. The purposes of the evaluation were to determine whether facilities complied with Joint Commission standards and VHA requirements to: (1) establish and implement EN policies and practices, (2) manage and document EN care in the electronic health record, and (3) provide continuity of care for patients receiving EN. We also determined whether facilities incorporated selected safe EN practices as recommended by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Inspectors evaluated EN safety at 27 facilities during Combined Assessment Program reviews conducted from April 1-September 30, 2011. We identified several strengths in VHA facilities' management of EN, including documentation that encompassed flow rate and water flushes, safe storage of products, and Nutrition Service documentation. However, we identified opportunities for improvement in five areas. We recommended that the Under Secretary for Health evaluate current VHA requirements and revise them to include applicable industry recommendations regarding EN safety practices and documentation. We also recommended that the Under Secretary for Health, in conjunction with Veterans Integrated Service Network and facility senior managers, ensures that: Facilities' policies and practices address all VHA-required EN elements. Electronic health record documentation consistently includes all VHA-required EN elements. Clinicians provide EN education for patients discharged on EN and/or their caregivers. Facilities strengthen continuity of care processes for follow-up and monitoring of patients discharged on EN.
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